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31.
Indices of soil nitrogen availability for an ecological site classification of British forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S.McG. Wilson D.G. Pyatt D. Ray D.C. Malcolm T. Connolly 《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,220(1-3):51-65
An adequate supply of nitrogen (N) is essential for the successful establishment and sustainable productivity of forest stands. N deficits may necessitate the use of artificial fertilisers. Availability of N in the inorganic forms, and the relative abundance of the NO3-N and NH4-N components, influences the species composition of natural forest vegetation. Hence it is essential to use reliable measures of soil N supply that fully reflect its ecological significance. The new Ecological Site Classification (ESC) used in British forestry employs a multi-factorial definition of soil nutrient regime (SNR), including soil N. To develop this, a soil and vegetation study was made at 89 forest sites throughout Great Britain covering the major soil types used for forestry. “Total N” levels were compared with separate pre- and post-incubation measures of the two inorganic N components as potential indices of soil N supply. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the major discriminant chemical variables for the sampled soils were pH, calcium and NO3-N and that these were also the main variables influencing the species composition of the ground vegetation. Total N and NH4-N were less effective discriminant variables for these sites. In some infertile soils the levels of NH4-N or total N may be of greater importance, as NO3-N is usually in very limited supply. A multivariate gradient of SNR, which incorporates the NO3-N measures, has been adopted for use within the ESC system. The position of a site on this gradient can be estimated quantitatively from soil type, ground vegetation species composition and humus type. This enables soil N supply and overall SNR to be assessed in a simple but effective way that guides the operational management of British forest soils for sustainable productivity. It will also be possible to use these techniques to monitor the nutritional status of forest sites over time. 相似文献
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We studied the influence of temperature and near- and sub- optimal mineral nutrition of black spruce seedlings (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) during their second growing period on bud set, bud development, growth, mineral content and cold tolerance. Bud break and growth after bud break were also studied. Seedlings were grown for 106 d in growth chambers under three temperature regimes in combination with three concentrations of a fertilizer. They were then cold hardened for 56 d and dehardened for 66 d.Under these near- and sub-optimal N levels, bud formation occurred during the growing season. Bud formation was accelerated with decreasing fertilization, but was not affected by temperature treatments. Needles from seedlings with 0.64% N (dry mass basis) before hardening did not harden. Those with 0.87% N showed a lesser degree of hardiness than those with 1.28% N. Stem diameter increased at the beginning of the hardening period. During this acclimation period, shoot dry mass decreased with time at a constant rate and at the same rate over time for all treatments whereas root dry mass was more variable. Total number of needle primordia was low and no difference was observed among growing conditions. Bud break was similar in all treatments. Following bud break, shoot height and stem diameter increases were small but their magnitude varied with the nutritional regimes applied during the previous growing period. During hardening, nitrogen concentration of shoot tissues first increased and then decreased; phosphorus concentration first increased and then remained stable; potassium concentration remained stable. Concentration of these three elements generally decreased in the roots during this hardening. 相似文献
36.
福建比利时杜鹃叶片矿质营养含量的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
分别用凯氏定氮法、钼蓝比色法、火焰光度法和原子吸收分光光度法,对市场上生长良好的福建比利时杜鹃花叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定,并运用数理统计方法和SPSS软件对测定结果进行了分析.结果表明,未成熟叶片中各营养元素含量分别为N 32.9 g/kg, P 4.6 g/kg, K 22.6 g/kg, Ca 23.9 g/kg, Mg 3.4 g/kg,Fe 123.3 mg/kg,Mn 249.2 mg/kg, Cu 27.5 mg/kg,Zn 163.2 mg/kg.活性Fe的含量为12.3 mg/kg.N、P、K的比例为1∶0.14∶0.69.成熟叶片中营养元素含量分别为N 28.0 g/kg,P 4.2 g/kg1,K 24.2 g/kg,Ca 24.9 g/kg,Mg 3.6 g/kg,Fe 265.5 mg/kg,Mn 354.3 mg/kg,Cu 19.8 mg/kg,Zn 142.3 mg/kg.活性Fe的含量为18.0 mg/kg.N、P、K的比例为1∶0.15∶0.87.该分析结果可供其他地区生长不良的杜鹃进行营养诊断时参考,以改善杜鹃生长不良的状况. 相似文献
37.
Functional compatibility between thirteen tropical fruit trees (Afzelia africana Smith., Adansonia digitata L., Aphania senegalensis Radlk., Anacardium occidentale L., Cordyla pinnata (Lepr. ex A. Rich.) Milne-Redhead, Dialium guineensis Wild., Landolphia heudelottii A.DC., Sclerocarya birrea (A.Roch.) Hochst., Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon and four reference hosts Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.), Tamarindus indica L. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) and two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Schenck and Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith), was investigated. Marked differences were found between them in terms of mycorrhizal formation, root colonization, relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD) and phosphorus concentrations in shoot tissues. A. africana, L. heudelottii and S. senegalensis did not form symbiotic associations, and the growth of A. africana decreased following mycorrhizal inoculation, while L. heudelottii and S. senegalensis showed no dependency. In contrast, A. digitata, A. senegalensis, A. occidentale, B. aegyptiaca and S. birrea were well colonized with AMF, but did not significantly increase in biomass production. Five fruit trees did, however, show dependency by a positive interaction with G. aggregatum, the most effective AMF. Z. mauritiana was found to be very highly dependent (RMD > 75%), T. indica was highly dependent (50–75% RMD), and D. guineensis, P. biglobosa and C. pinnata were moderately dependent (25–50% RMD). Phosphorus absorption probably contributed to this dependency more than the absorption of potassium. These results indicate that some tropical fruit trees do derive benefits from AM inoculation, while others do not.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
38.
El Amin Yousif Raddad 《New Forests》2007,34(3):207-222
The genetic variation in seed weight, seed number per kg and seedling traits was compared among eight Acacia senegal provenances originating from the clay plain (east) and sand plains (west) of the gum belt in Sudan. The main objective of
this study was to identify germplasm sources of A. senegal that have a good seed germination capacity and seedling traits suitable for reforestation in the clay-soil part of the dryland
gum belt in the Blue Nile region in Sudan. A specific objective was to tentatively explore the adaptive strategy of A. senegal populations. Seventeen-week-old seedlings were planted in the field at spacing of 3 m × 3 m, giving 100 trees per plot and
replication; within a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental site was in the clay plain
region. Seed variables showed significant differences. Clay plain provenances showed considerable variation in seed weight
and seed number. They had the smallest seed weight but the highest seed number, while the sand (western) provenances had the
largest seed weight but lowest seed number. Seedling branch number, root length, root to shoot ratio and shoot dry weight
differed significantly among the provenances 12 weeks after germination. Clay provenances had the highest branch number and
shoot dry weight but the shortest roots and lowest root to shoot ratio. This was interpreted as showing better adaptation
to the site in these local provenances in comparison to those originating from the western sandy soil regions. High positive
correlations were observed between seedling variables, such as root nodule and branch numbers; this could be used for early
selection. The variation was greater between provenance groups than within them, suggesting that especially selection among
groups would yield genetic gain. 相似文献
39.
德兴铜矿矿山多年开采对矿区生态环境造成极大的损害,为维护矿区可持续发展,生态损害现状调查尤为重要。利用ASTER数据结合野外实测各类地物反射光谱曲线,利用矿物指数提取矿区重金属和粘土污染;采用差值法提取水体污染状况;采用NDVI彩色密度分割法提取矿区植被污染信息。研究表明,铜矿区生态损害现状甚为严重,利用遥感手段监测矿区生态环境是完全可行的。这为矿区土地复垦与生态修复提供了技术支持和决策依据。 相似文献
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